1. Identify Product Phenomena

Digital or computational, such as new software methods, algorithms, artifacts, and architectures. Examples include virtualization in cloud computing, LLM models in AI, and quantum computing.

Physical, such as new sensors, chips, devices, arrays, and materials that come from new ways to control physics or bio-chemical properties of nature. Examples include cameras, lithium batteries, and various nano-technologies.

Behavioral, based on human psychology at the individual, team, or societal level. Examples include most highly engaging applications from Instagram to Slack to Fortnite, which depend upon unlocking a personal or social behavior. New usage models that rely on new behaviors like AirBnB and Uber can fit in here